C6e  Lifcrarp 

of  t|>c 

fllnitoersitp  of  iQortf)  Carolina 


Collection  of  jRortf)  Catoliniana 
Cfii*  book  toag  ptegenteb 

WS4h 


North  Carolina  University  Magazine. 

Old  series,  vol.  mil.      no.  hum,  1895.      New  series,  vol.  xiv. 


THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  BATTALION  OF 
NORTH  CAROLINA  ARTILLERY  (VOLUN- 
TEERS,) CONFEDERATE  STATES  ARMY, 
KNOWN  AS  THE  "TENTH." 

PREPARED  BY'  WOODBURY  WHEELER,*  CAPTAIN 
COMPANY  "D, "  10TH  BATTALION. 

Raleigh,  N.  C,  Nov.  19th,  1894. 
Capi.  Woodbury  Wheeler,  My  Comrade: 

At  the  last  meeting-  of  the  Confederate  Veterans  Association,  I 
was  appointed  a  Committee  to  secure  one  soldier  from  each  Regi- 
ment to  write  a  brief  history  of  his  Regiment  with  a  view  to  publi- 
cation by  the  State.  I  have  selected  you  for  your  command,  and 
respectfully,  but  earnestly  request  that  you  accept  the  duty  thus  im- 
posed on  you  at  the  instance  of  your  surviving  comrades.  The 
length  and  tenor  of  the  sketch  is  left  to  your  judgment;  but  an  aver- 
age of  ten  pages  for  each  regiment,  will  give  us  a  volume  of  750 
pages  of  very  valuable  matter  which  in  a  few  years  would  other- 
wise be  lost  to  the  world.  You  are  very  busy,  and  that  is  one  rea- 
son you  are  selected.  Only  busy  men  have  the  energy  and  the  tal- 
ent to  do  work.  You  have  doubtless  forgotten  much,  but  you  can 
get  access  to  the  "Rebellion  Record"  published  by  U.  "S.  Govern- 
ment, and  "Moore's  Roster"  printed  by  our  State.  You  can  also  re- 
fresh your  memory  by  correspondence  with  those  of   your  command 


*The  author  of  this  sketch  is  a  son  of  the  late  John  H.  Wheeler, 
author  of  a  history  of  North  Carolina.  His  MSS.  of  Reminiscences 
of  Eminent  North  Carolinians  were  printed  by  this  son  after  the 
death  of  the  author,  and  so  saved  to  our  State.  Born  in  Lincoln,  N. 
C,  the  writer  of  this  sketch,  at  the  age  of  19,  entered  the  service  of 
North  Carolina  and  served  four  years,  as  briefly  epitomized  in  this 
paper. 


In 


288  University   Magazine. 

who  are  fortunately  still  living-.  Your  record  as  a'  soldier  satisfies 
me  you  will  not  decline  this  post  of  duty.  Send  me  the  MSS.  if  pos- 
sible by  March  1st,  next. 

I  respectfully  request  that  you  write  the  history  of  the  N.  C.  Bat- 
talion in  which  you  served  in  the  War. 

Please  acknowledge  your  acceptance  of  this  assignment  to  duty, 
the  last  which  the  Confederate  Soldiers  can  ask  of  you,  that  I  may 
enter  your  name  on  the  list  to  be  filed  with  the  Veterans  Associa- 
tion.    Believe  me  to  be,  with  highest  regard  and  esteem, 

Fraternally  yours, 

Wai/per  Clark. 

The  above  courteous  request  of  comrade  Walter 
Clark  to  prepare  this  sketch  would  be  equivalent  to  an 
order  from  headquarters  that  must  be  obeyed.  Moore 
in  his  "Roster"  of  North  Carolina  troops,  who  served 
in  the  armies  of  the  Confederac\T,  calls  this  the  Eighth 
Battalion,  (IV,  359)  and  gave  our  number  to  the  battal- 
ion of  men  detailed  as  artizans  (395);  howr  the  error  oc- 
curred in  the  War  Department  Records,  he  does  not 
explain.  But  from  the  foundation  of  the  battalion,  in 
May  1865,  it  was  always  known  and  mustered  as  the 
"Tenth  Battalion  of  North  Carolina  Artillery." 

The  engineer  officers  of  the  Confederate  Army  were 
probably  as  fine  a  body  of  experts  as  ever  existed; — 
whenever  they  projected  lines  of  defence  around  any 
important  point  we  might  rest  assured  that  tjiese  had 
been  planned  and  completed  according-  to  the  most  ap- 
proved system.  At  the  entrances  of  the  Cape  Fear 
River  and  also  around  the  City  of  Wilming-ton,  every 
point  was  made  as  impregnable  as  possible.  When 
these  entrenchments  were  finished  several  artillery  reg- 
iments were  formed  for  the  special  garrison  of  the  same ; 
as  President  Davis  remarked,  he  had  sent  his  most 
skillful  officers  to  the  defence  of  the  place — referring 
then  more  especially  to  that  knightly  soldier,  Gen.  W. 


History  of  the  Tenth  Battalion.  289 

H.  C.  Whiting-,  who  died,  January  21st,  1865,  from 
wounds  received  whilst  defending-  the  attack  on  Fort 
Fisher. 

To  this  necessity  of  creating-  a  force  for  the  defence 
of  Wilming-ton  does  the  "Tenth  Battalion"  owe  its 
formation.  In  February  1862,  we  find  the  first  enlist- 
ments were  made  for  the  battalion,  and  on  May  13th  of 
that  year,  the  Major,  (Wilton  L.  Young-  of  Alabama) 
was  commissioned  to  command  the  three  companies 
then  composing-  the  org-anization.  Subsequently,  in 
April  1863,  Company  "D"  was  formed  and  Woodbury 
Wheeler  made  its  Captain.  The  men  were  nearly  all 
from  the  western  counties  of  our  state. 

Some  one  has  said  that  in  writing-  any  account  of  a 
battle  or  a  campaig-n  each  writer's  narrative  must  nec- 
essarily be  more  or  less  personal  in  its  nature. .  Cap- 
tain Wheeler  had  served  during-  the  first  six  months  of 
the  war  as  adjutant  of  the  16th  regiment;  he  first  en- 
tered the  service  at  the  "Fair  Grounds"  in  Raleig-h,  as 
a  drill  serg-eant,  in  May  1861;  in  the  fall  of  that  year 
the  War  Department  directed  that  all  adjutants  should 
be  detailed  from  the  line  officers,  so  he  was  "mustered 
out"  as  adjutant,  after  serving-,  under  General  Robert 
F.  Fee,  in  the  campaig-n  around  Cheat  Mountain,  Vir- 
ginia. The  War  Department  g-ave  him  orders  to  serve 
as  ordinance  officer  to  a  brig-ade  of  North  Carolina 
troops  then  defending-  Drury's  Bluff,  Virginia;  this 
brig-ade  afterwards  came  to  Goldsboro,  when  Foster's 
raid  occurred,  and  from  there  Captain  Wheeler's  or- 
ders directed  him  to  Wilming-ton,  where  he  was  put  in 
command  of  Company  "D"  of  this  battalion  under  or- 
ders from  the  War  Department.  The  duties  of  this 
command  were  important,  but  not  brilliant;  in  the  sum- 
mer season  they  were  ordered  out  of  the   city  either  to 


290  University  Magazine. 

the  forts  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cape  Fear  or  to  the 
"Sound,"  to  prevent  any  inroads  from  that  direction. 

It  was  whilst  the  battalion  was  stationed  at  Fort 
Caswell  that  a  raid  was  made  by  the  enemy,  from  their 
fleet  to  the  headquarters  of  our  General  at  Smithville, 
which  for  daring  could  hardly  be  surpassed.  Follow- 
ing- the  channel,  which  was  necessarily  left  open  to  ad- 
mit our  English  friends,  in  their  blockade-running 
steamers,  these  raiders,  commanded  by  the  same  Lieu- 
tenant Wm.  B.  Gushing-,  who  afterwards  destroyed 
the  ironclad  "Albermarle,"  with  equal  intrepidity, 
came  within  pistol  shot  of  our  sentries;  passed  batter- 
ies that  could  have  hurled  tons  of  shot  and  shell  upon 
them,  and  landing"  at  the  Smithville  wharf,  went  imme- 
diately to  the  General's  quarters.  He  fortunately  was 
at  Wilmington  on  that  night;  but  when  his  chief  of 
staff  raised  the  window  to  find  out  the  cause  of  the 
commotion  on  the  porch,  the  end  of  a  revolver  was 
thrust  in  his  face  with  a  demand  for  his  surrender. 
The  result  of  this  raid  was  the  capture  of  the  engineer 
officer  only.  The  alarm  was  promptly  g-iven,  all  the 
batteries  opened  fire  on  the  channel-way — dark  as  Fre- 
bus  although  it  was.  Cushing  fled  to  his  gunboat,  lying 
in  as  near  as  she  could  to  the  fort,  and  then  putting  on 
a  full  head  of  steam  turned  his  vessel  seaward.  In  his 
great  haste  he  ran  into  another  gunboat,  the  "Peter- 
hoff, "  and  she  sank  in  less  than  ten  minutes. 

The  next  day  one  of  the  fleet  came  in  near  the  Fort 
again,  but  its  white  flag  at  the  peak  was  not  observed. 
Our  Whitworth  gun  was  unlimbered  and  made  ready 
for  action;  the  command  to  fire  was  on  the  lips  of  the 
Lieutenant  in  charge,  when  the  vessel  stopped  and 
turned  her  broadside  towards  the  fort,  and  not  until 
then  was  the  flag  of  truce  at  her  mast-head  spread  out 


History  of  the    Tenth   Battalion  291 

by  the  breeze  so  we  could  see  it.  A  small  boat  came 
ashore  for  the  Engineer-officer's  personal  effects  and 
brought  a  note  of  adieu  from  him  to  his  late  comrades. 
We  never  saw  him  again. 

The  Whitworth  gun  mentioned  was  a  terror  to  the 
enemy;  its  range  was  immense,  its  accuracy  that  of  a 
sharpshooter.  The  blockading  fleet  was  by  it  com- 
pelled to  keep  so  far  from  the  fort  that  the  English 
steamers  easily  made  the  port.  The  great  war  gover- 
nor, ^ebulon  B.  Vance,  appreciated  the  importance 
and  necessity  of  using  these  English-built  steamers  to 
supply  his  brave  troops  with  the  sinews  of  war,  as 
well  as  subsistence. 

It  had  been  the  policy  of  President  Davis  to  put  an 
embargo  on  cotton  and  thus  make  the  great  powers  of 
Europe  raise  the  Federal  blockade  to  obtain  a  supply 
of  this  great  product  of  the  South;  so  the  inland  cities 
of  the  South  had  about  this  time  great  rows  of  cotton 
bales,  making  cumbersome  curb-lines  for  their  streets, 
awaiting  this  raising  of  the  blockade  of  the  enemy. 
The  Governor  of  North  Carolina  did  not  believe  in  this 
policy  and  determined  to  supply  his  men  with  what 
they  needed  as  soldiers,  and  by  exchanging  cotton  for 
meat  and  bread  so  help  them  and  their  families.  One 
of  the  largest  vessels  which  ran  the  blockade  at  this 
point  was  purchased  by  our  state,  and  she  was  christ- 
ened the  "Advance."  By  her  many  cargoes  of  the 
priceless  necessities  of  life  were  brought  to  Wilming- 
ton, and  the  North  Carolina  troops  heaped  blessings 
on  their  Governor's  name  for  this  evidence  of  his  care 
and  tender  regard. 

The  "Sumter,"  the  great  Admiral  Semmes's  first 
ship,  once  came  into  this  port  and  brought  on  that  trip 
two  "Blakely"  guns,    of   such   great   size,    that   they 


292  University  Magazine. 

were  stood  on  their  end  in  the  forward  part  of  the  ves- 
sel and  around  their  muzzles  some  of  the  larger  ropes 
of  the  ship  were  wound.  These  guns  were  put  on  the 
"Battery"  at  Charleston,  an  interior  line,  and  although 
costing"  many  thousands  of  dollars,  never  had  the  op- 
portunity of  firing  a  shot  at  the  enemy. 

In  the  winter  the  lines  of  entrenchment  around  the 
City  of  Wilmington  were  picketed  by  this  battalion; 
so  long  were  these  lines,  the  duty  was  most  arduous. 
During  the  winter  the  battalion  also  became  the  pro- 
vost guard  of  the  city.  Wilmington  was  the  last  port 
held  by  the  Confederacv,  and  the  fleet  of  English 
blockade  runners  on  the  river  front  became  very  nu- 
merous, with  them  came  many  Northern  spies.  The 
city  was  patrolled  constantly,  ever}T  "suspect"  was 
hunted  down  and  brought  in  with  a  file  of  soldiers  at 
his  back,  and  the  rough  element,  male  and  female,  ad- 
venturers of  every  class,  were  kept  in  subjection  as 
far  as  possible.  The  duties  of  a  provost-guard  whilst 
most  necessary  are  nevertheless  irksome.  The  author 
of  this  sketch  soug'ht  relief  by  seeking  a  new  com- 
mand, and  General  Matt.  W.  Ransom  had  him  ordered 
to  his  headquarters  in  Virginia  with  the  rank  of  Major 
of  Artiller}',  P.  A.  C.  S.  This  order  was  never  re- 
ceived; it  is  supposed  to  have  fallen  into  the  hands  of 
General  Sherman  when  Savannah  was  evacuated. 

The  battalion  however,  had  work  enough  from  De- 
cember 1864  to  the  end  of  the  war  to  satisfy  the  most 
ambitious  soldier,  and  during  the  next  five  months 
there  was  hardly  a  day  "which  they  could  call  their 
own."  General  Sherman  had  "cut  loose"  from  his 
base  of  supplies.  The  plan  to  divert  his  raid  across 
Georgia  was  frustrated  by  the  repulse  of  Hood's  army 
at  Franklin,    Tenn,   and  Federal  forces  moved  across 


History  of  the  Tenth   Battalion.  293 

the  State  of  Georgia  with  comparatively  little  opposi- 
tion. So  soon  as  Savannah  was  found  to  be  the  "ob- 
jective point"  of  Sherman's  march,  its  defence  was  as- 
signed to  Lieut.  Gen'l.  W.  J.  Hardee,  a  most  gallant 
officer  of  world-wide  reputation,  and  this  battalion 
was  put  into  the  trenches  around  that  city.  Our  nar- 
rative, to  a  certain  extent,  becomes  personal  again  at 
this  point;  the  writer  was  in  hospital,  suffering  from 
rheumatism,  when  the  command  left  Wilmington. 
The  lines  of  entrenchment  around  Wilmington  which 
the  command  had  picketted  for  so  many  days  and 
nights  ^and  guarded  so  zealously,  were  to  be  left  by 
them  to  other  hands  to  defend  when  assaulted  by  the 
enemw.  The  writer  came  with  the  cammand  to  Au- 
gusta, Georgia,  and  there  all  soldiers  who  had  already 
seen  services  at  the  front,  but  were  now  doing  "post 
duty,"  once  more  volunteered  to  return  to  the  field  and 
defend  the  State.  The  enthusiasm  was  intense  and 
the  writer,  although  in  hospital,  reported  for  such  duty 
as  he  might  be  able  to  perform.  He  was  made  chief  of 
artillery  to  this  command  of  veterans.  From  Augusta 
the  brigade  thus  formed  was  thrown,  with  the  10th 
battalion,  into  Savannah  just  as  Sherman  appeared  be- 
fore that  city,  and  Capt.  Wheeler's  command  there 
consisted  of  twelve  batteries,  along  the  line  of  defence 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  beautiful  rice  farm  of 
General  Lawton.  The  10th  battalion  was  serving  as 
infantry  immediate^  to  the  right  of  these  batteries. 
Here  for  nearly  twenty  days  the  command  was  almost 
continuously  under  fire. 

The  army  commanded  b}7  General  Sherman  was  well 
nig'h  invincible,  rude  and  truculent  though  it  seemed  at 
times,  but  made  up  as  it  was  of  the  brawn  and  muscle  of 
the  great  Northwest,  it  became  a  "scourge  of  God,"  a 


294  University  Magazine. 

dire  punishment  to  the  South.  Their  ancestors,  for  the 
large  part,  were  of  the  emigrants  from  the  Carolinas 
and  Virginia;  they  were  fired  by  an  intense  devotion  to 
the  Union  and  its  preservation,  and  freed  from  all  ab- 
olition, cant,  or  puritanical  hypocrisy,  it  was  as  fine  a 
command  as  the  world  ever  saw.  They  were  Ameri- 
cans and  for  the  most  part  '  'War  Democrats. ' ' 

For  days  and  days  of  that  cold  December  (1864) 
Sherman's  men  would  form  in  skirmish  line,  on  the 
edge  of  the  woods,  and  move  across  the  ''opening-" 
right  up  to  the  range  of  our  canister  and  grape  shot 
before  they  could  be  driven  back  to  cover.  During  the 
weeks  of  siege,  our  General  found  out  that  the  coil 
was  being  tightened  around  his  devoted  command. 
Fighting  for  "home  and  fatherland,"  his  small  force 
was  doing  all  that  could  be  done  to  save  the  lovely 
city  entrusted  to  them,  and  yet  we  all  began  to  think 
that  before  the  winter  closed  we  would  be  in  prison  at 
Fort  Deleware  or  on  Johnson  Island;  still  we  stood  to 
our  guns  and  did  our  duty. 

Inside  of  these  lines  there  was  an  infantry  battalion 
whos?  officers  were  some  of  our  best  }Touug  men,  noble  in 
heart  and  in  spirit,  cadets  of  some  of  the  oldest  families 
in  the  Carolinas,  but  the  rank  and  file  were  made  up 
of  men  who  had  been  captured  by  our  armies  in  various 
battles.  These  we  called  "galvanized  Yankees." 
True  they  were  nearly  all  foreigners,  mostly  Irishmen, 
who  cared  for  neither  side  especiall}\  but  had  been  first 
reg'ularly  enlisted  in  the  Federal  army.  If  captured, 
they  knew  they  would  be  tried  for  desertion,  for  they 
now  "wore  the  gray. "  Amongst  them  was  a  young 
sergeant,  a  native  of  Delaware,  he  came  with  the  bat- 
talion, thus  made  up,  and  they  bivouaced  immediately 
in  rear  of  the  line  of  batteries  commanded  by  Captain 


History  of  the  Tenth  Battalion.  295 

Wheeler.  They  soon  "took  in  the  situation,"  and  al- 
most felt  like  the  rope  was  around  their  necks.  Who 
could  blame  them  for  their  desire  to  escape  such  a 
fate? 

One  night  a  gigantic  Irish  corporal  in  this  com- 
mand, because  he  had  become  so  devoted  to  one 
of  the  Confederate  officers  over  him,  revealed  a 
plot  which  had  been  formed  to  spike  the  guns  of  our 
main  battery,  kill  or  capture  the  officers  near  by 
and  go  over  into  Sherman's  lines.  The  young  Dela- 
ware sergeant  was  the  originator  of  the  plot.  Several 
regiments  from  another  portion  of  our  line  surrounded 
this  unhappy  band  and  their  guns  were  speedily  taken 
from  them.  A  drum  head  court-marshal  was  held,  and 
in  less  than  an  hour  our  young  Delaware  sergeant  and 
six  others,  at  the  hour  of  midnight,  were  duly  ex- 
ecuted by  sentence  of  this  court;  the  residue  of  the 
command  was  passed  through  our  lines  to  the  rear. 
Our  General  was  tried  after  the  war  under  orders  of 
the  War  Department  at  Washington  for  the  execution 
of  these  conspirators,  but  of  course  he  was  acquitted. 

The  end  of  the  siege  came  at  last;  one  evening,  long 
into  the  dark,  we  shelled  the  woods  in  front  of  our  bat- 
teries, and  kept  the  enemies  from  having  any  fires  at 
all,  but  when  our  Headquarter's  band  finally  struck 
up  "Dixie,"  they  all  yelled  at  us  "Played  out!  Played 
out!"  For  some  cause  or  other  they  did  not  return  our 
fire  on  that  night  at  all,  and  it  was  about  eleven  o'clock 
when  we  silently  marched  down  the  City  road,  lined 
by  the  great  live  oak  trees,  with  their  long  festoons  of 
waiving  moss  and  vines  which  swung  backwards  and 
forward,  in  the  pale  moonlight,  they  seemed  to  be 
ghosts  of  our  departed  hopes.  We  passed  through  the 
City  and  just  as  the  clocks  in  the  steeples  struck  "one!" 


296  University  Magazine. 

our  command  had  reached  the  center  of  the  dikes  in 
the  rice  fields,  which  border  the  Carolina  side  of  the 
Savannah  river. 

No  pursuit  of  us  was  attempted.  They  were  per- 
fectly willing-  to  "play  quits"  after  weeks  of  constant 
duelling". 

At  our  first  halt  the  Georgia  troops  being"  "Home 
Guards"  insisted  that  they  should  be  returned  to  their 
State.  And  as  a  legitimate  operation  of  the  doctrine 
of  State's  rights,  the}7  were  returned.  This  forced 
General  Hardee  to  uncover  Charleston  and  that  great 
citadel  fell. 

A  letter  to  Captain  Wheeler  from  his  immediate 
commander  in  the  siege  of  Savannah  is  here  inserted. 

Hd.  Qrs,  Browne's  Bridge,  Ga., 

Augusta,  Jan'y.  12th,  1865. 

My  Dear  Captain: — 

I  much  regret  to  hear  that  you  are  about  to  leave  this  part  of  the 
country.  I  was  in  hopes  that  in  the  coming"  emergency  in  this 
neighborhood  I  should  have  had  the  advantage  of  your  services  in 
charge  of  the  artillery  on  the  lines  which  I  shall  have  to  defend.  I 
can  not  allow  you  to  leave  without  expressing  to  3'ou  my  thanks  for 
the  efficient  service  rendered  me  by  you  on  the  lines  near  Savannah. 
Your  skill  as  an  artillery  officer,  your  prompt  obedience  of  orders, 
your  energy  and  yigllence  under  t^ing  and  difficult  circumstances 
deserve  the  highest  commendation.  Although  physically  unfit  for 
service  you  voluntarily  assumed  arduous  and  important  duties, 
which  you  performed  most  efficiently.  Wherever  you  go,  you  hare 
my  best  wishes.  I  know  you  will  do  your  duty;  and  let  me  assure 
you  that  if  it  is  ever  in  my  power  to  serve  you,  I  will  do  so  cheer- 
fully. 

Very  faithfully  your  friend, 

(Signed)  Wm.  M.  Browne, 

Brig.  Genl. 

This  General  had  served  on  President  Davis's  staff 
and   was  a  most  accomplished  soldier  and  gentleman. 


History  of  the  Tenth  Battalion.  297 

Then  came  the  campaign  of  the  Carolinas,  under  the 
command  of  General  Joseph  K.  Johnston.  It  was  on 
March  19,  1865  that  there  occurred  a  contest  at  Ben- 
tonsville,  which  for  fierceness  and  vigor  might  be  well 
honored  with  the  title  of  a  battle;  it  was  the  last 
fought  in  the  Eastern  portion  of  the  Confederacy. 

Our  General  discovered  that  one  side  of  the  rail- 
road was  occupied  b}^  one  of  the  wings  of  Sher- 
man's army  and  the  other  side  by  the  residue  of 
his  force.  He  precipitated  his  whole  command  on  the 
federal  corps  commanded  by  General  Slocum,  and 
gave  that  distinguished  officer  a  prett}^  thorough  scare; 
with  about  14,000  men,  he  captured  three  guns,  many 
prisoners  and  drove  the  enemy  back  several  miles. 
He  certainly  taught  the  commander  of  that  wing  that 
our  shot  and  shell  were  not  yet  all  gone;  but  in  three 
days  the  other  portion  of  the  army  came  to  the  relief  of 
the  one  attacked,  and  against  a  united  command  of 
near  100,000  men  our  army  of  not  more  than  20,000 
could  not  remain  long*  in  position. 

The  retreat  across  our  own  native  State  next  fol- 
lowed. The  only  hope  we  had  was  to  make  a  junction 
with  General  JUee's  army  and  make  a  combined  assault 
o:i  either  one  of  the  armies  of  the  enemy.  That  hope, 
was  not  realized,  and  so  on  May  1st,  1865  at  Greens- 
boro, North  Carolina,  the  writer  was  duly  paroled  with 
the  battalion  and  became  once  more  a  civilian,  "in  ac- 
cordance with  the  terms  of  the  Military  Convention, 
entered  into  on  the  26th  of  April  1865  between  Gen- 
eral Joseph  K.  Johnston,  commanding  the  Confederate 
army,  and  Major  General  W.  T.  Sherman,  commanding 
the  United  States  army  in  North  Corolina,  and  he  was 
permitted  to  return  to  his  home,  not  to  be  disturbed  by 


298  University  Magazine. 

the  United  States  authorities  so  long-  as  he  observed  this 
obligation  and  obeyed  the  laws  in.  force  where  he  may 
reside."     This  parole  is  signed  by 

T.  B.  Roy,  A.  A.  Genl,  C.  S.  A. 

Commissioner. 
And  Wm.  Hartstuff, 
Brew  Brig.  Genl.  and 
A.  I.  G.,  U,  S.  A., 
Special  Commissioner. 

Respectfully  submitted, 

Woodbury  Weeeer, 
Formerly  Capt.  Co.  "D."  10th  Bat'ln,  N.  C.  Arty. 

Major  Arty  P.  A.  C.  S. 


CHATTAWKA  OR   CHAUTAUQUA— ORIGIN 

OF  THK   NAME. 

THE  INDIAN  NAME  FOR  THE  SITE  OF  NEW  BERN. 

Where  may  be  found  the  origin  and  first  record  of 
this  name,  now  so  widely  known  through  its  associa- 
tion with  literary  societies?  This  writer  believes,  and 
claims,  that  it  was  first  used  at  some  period  not 
known,  but  prior  to  1708,  by  the  Tuscarora  tribe  of 
Indians  as  the  name  of  the  present  site  of  the  town  of 
New  Bern,  North  Carolina,  and  that  the  earliest  rec- 
ord of  its  orthography  is  that  of  Chattawka.  The  ev- 
idence in  support  of  this  claim  is  recited  in  the  article 
following,  and  is  based  upon  old  historical  writings,  the 
originals  of  which  are  still  in  existence,  and  not  upon 
tradition,  legend  or  hearsay. 

Mention  of  the    name    is  first   found,    so  far   as    is 


Hi 


fei 


UNIVERSITY  OF  N.C.  AT  CHAPEL  HILL 


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